Sarandë Synagogue Complex

The Synagogue and Basilica Complex in Sarandë is an important archaeological site located in the heart of the city, within the walls of the medieval fortress of ancient Onhezmi (Onchesmos). This remarkable site represents one of the largest and earliest Jewish communities in the Balkans and showcases the religious transformation that occurred over centuries.

The complex dates back to the late Roman period, with construction beginning in the 4th century BC and continuing through the 6th century AD. Archaeological evidence reveals three distinct phases of construction and use. Originally built as an early Christian basilica, the structure was later transformed into a synagogue at the end of the 4th century, serving a prosperous and prominent Jewish community during the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 6th century, the synagogue was converted back into a basilica before being destroyed, likely during Avaro-Slav attacks around 580-585 AD.

The site’s most notable features are its intricate mosaic floors, four in total, which are normally covered with sand for preservation. One mosaic displays a seven-branched menorah flanked by a citron and ram’s horn, all symbols associated with Jewish holidays. These mosaics provide crucial evidence of the Jewish presence and cultural life in ancient Albania.

The ruins were discovered in 1980 during Albania’s communist period, but significant excavation work wasn’t conducted until 2003 through collaboration between the Albanian Academy of Sciences and the Hebrew University Institute of Archaeology. The site is easily accessible in the city center, located between Rruga Skënderbeu and Rruga Onhezmi near Friendship Park, and entry is free of charge. While the actual mosaics are kept at the local Archaeological Museum for preservation, large photographs displayed at the site allow visitors to appreciate their beauty and historical significance.